Heavy sterile neutrinos - what they can be and what they can't

We review current astrophysical bounds on MeV sterile neutrinos, and then we discuss why a sterile keV neutrino is a natural warm dark matter candidate.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, talk given at Frontiers in Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology held at San Feli

Are rises in Electro-Magnetic Field in the human environment, interacting with multiple environmental pollutions, the tripping point for increases in neurological deaths in the Western World?

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Whilst humans evolved in the earth's Electro-Magnetic-Field (EMF) and sun-light, both being essential to life but too much sun and we burn. What happens if background EMF rise to critical levels, coinciding with increasing environmental pollutants? Two of the authors can look back over 50 clinical years and appreciate the profound changes in human morbidity across a range of disparate conditions – autoimmune diseases, asthma, earlier cancer incidence and reduced male sperm counts. In particular have been increased autism, dyslexia, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and neurological diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Early Onset Dementia, Multiple System Atrophy and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. What might have caused these changes-whilst genetic factors are taken as given, multiple environmental pollutants are associated with neurological disease although the mechanisms are unclear. The pace of increased neurological deaths far exceeds any Gompertzian explanation - that because people are living longer they are more likely to develop more age-related problems such as neurological disease. Using WHO global mortality categories of Neurological Disease Deaths (NDD) and Alzheimer's and Dementia deaths (Alz), updated June 2018, together they constitute Total Neurological Mortality (TNM), to calculate mortality rates per million for people aged 55–74 and for the over-75's in twenty-one Western countries. Recent increases in American people aged over-75's rose 49% from 1989 to 2015 but US neurological deaths increased five-fold. In 1989 based on Age-Standardised-Deaths-Rates America USA was 17th at 324 pm but rising to 539 pm became second highest. Different environmental/occupational factors have been found to be associated with neuro-degenerative diseases, including background EMF. We briefly explore how levels of EMF interact upon the human body, which can be described as a natural antennae and provide new evidence that builds upon earlier research to propose the following hypothesis. Based upon recent and new evidence we hypothesise that a major contribution for the relative sudden upsurge in neurological morbidity in the Western world (1989–2015), is because of increased background EMF that has become the tipping point-impacting upon any genetic predisposition, increasing multiple-interactive pollutants, such as rises in petro-chemicals, hormone disrupting chemicals, industrial, agricultural and domestic chemicals. The unprecedented neurological death rates, all within just twenty-five years, demand a re-examination of long-term EMF safety related to the increasing background EMF on human health. We do not wish to 'stop the modern world’, only make it safer

Binary-swap volumetric rendering on the T3D

Journal ArticleThis paper presents a data distributed parallel raytraced volume rendering algorithm and its implementation on the CRI T3D. This algorithm distributes the data and the computational load to individual processing units to achieve fast and high-quality rendering of high-resolution data. The volume data, once distributed, is left intact. The processing nodes perform local raytracing of their subvolume concurrently. No communication between processing units is needed during this local ray-tracing process. A subimages is generated by each processing unit and the final image is obtained by compositing subimages in the proper order by the Binary-Swap algorithm. Performance of this algorithm on the T3D is presented and compared to an implementation on the CM-5

Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Deaths in 21 Western Countries 1989-91 V 2013-154: What is the UK doing Right or What is the USA doing Wrong?

Objectives: To compare UK Cardiovascular Disease Deaths (CDD) with twenty Other Western Countries (OWC). Design: Population-controlled-based study using WHO data on CDD people aged 55-74 and Age-Standardised-Death-Rates (ASDR) rates per million (pm) contrasts UK and OWC outcomes between 1989-2015 and World Bank % GDP Expenditure-on-Health (%GDPEH) data. Setting: Twenty-one Western Countries. Participants: National populations. Outcome measures: Reduced CDD for people aged 55-74 and ASDR confidence intervals determines statistical differences between UK and OWC over the period. Result: All countries substantially reduced CDD 55-74, highest current rates America at 3440pm, Finland 3197pm, Greece 3173 to lowest, France 1522pm, Australia 1634pm and Japan 1866pm. Previously UK was 4th highest but fell to 8th at 2524pm, significantly reducing CDD more than 15 OWC, though three had greater falls than Britain. ASDR fell substantially everywhere but the UK had second biggest reduction, significantly reducing total CDD deaths more than 15 OWC. Highest 1980-2015 average %GDPEH was USA at 12.7%, UK’s 7.6% was lowest suggesting British cardiac services achieved more with proportionately less. Conclusion: Improvements in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease occurred in every country, we speculate whether the UK success might be attributable to the Pan UK public health innovations, the National Service Framework (2000) to reduce myocardial infarction, and, National Framework for long term conditions (2005) but further research is required to identify the effective mechanisms. These results should be a morale boost for patients and their families and or all in the cardiac services, especially in the UK

Phase diagram of multiferroic KCu3_3As2_2O7_7(OD)3_3

The layered compound KCu$_3$As$_2$O$_7$(OD)$_3$, comprising distorted kagome planes of $S=1/2$ Cu$^{2+}$ ions, is a recent addition to the family of type-II multiferroics. Previous zero field neutron diffraction work has found two helically ordered regimes in \kns, each showing a distinct coupling between the magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters. Here, we extend this work to magnetic fields up to $20$~T using neutron powder diffraction, capacitance, polarization, and high-field magnetization measurements, hence determining the $H-T$ phase diagram. We find metamagnetic transitions in both low temperatures phases around $\mu_0 H_c \sim 3.7$~T, which neutron powder diffraction reveals to correspond to a rotation of the helix plane away from the easy plane, as well as a small change in the propagation vector. Furthermore, we show that the sign of the ferroelectric polarization is reversible in a magnetic field, although no change is observed (or expected on the basis of the magnetic structure) due to the transition at $3.7$~T. We finally justify the temperature dependence of the polarization in both zero-field ordered phases by a symmetry analysis of the free energy expansion

A-stable Runge-Kutta methods for semilinear evolution equations

We consider semilinear evolution equations for which the linear part generates a strongly continuous semigroup and the nonlinear part is sufficiently smooth on a scale of Hilbert spaces. In this setting, we prove the existence of solutions which are temporally smooth in the norm of the lowest rung of the scale for an open set of initial data on the highest rung of the scale. Under the same assumptions, we prove that a class of implicit, $A$-stable Runge--Kutta semidiscretizations in time of such equations are smooth as maps from open subsets of the highest rung into the lowest rung of the scale. Under the additional assumption that the linear part of the evolution equation is normal or sectorial, we prove full order convergence of the semidiscretization in time for initial data on open sets. Our results apply, in particular, to the semilinear wave equation and to the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation

Analysing Habitat Connectivity and Home Ranges of Bigmouth Buffalo and Channel Catfish Using a Large-Scale Acoustic Receiver Network

The determination if fish movement of potadromous species is impeded in a river system is often difficult, particularly when timing and extent of movements are unknown. Furthermore, evaluating river connectivity poses additional challenges. Here, we used large-scale, long-term fish movement to study and identify anthropogenic barriers to movements in the Lake Winnipeg basin including the Red, Winnipeg, and Assiniboine rivers. In the frame of the project, 80 Bigmouth Buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus) and 161 Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were tagged with acoustic transmitters. Individual fish were detected with an acoustic telemetry network. Movements were subsequently analyzed using a continuous-time Markov model (CTMM). The study demonstrated large home ranges in the Lake Winnipeg basin and evidence of frequent transborder movements between Canada and the United States. The study also highlighted successful downstream fish passage at some barriers, whereas some barriers limited or completely blocked upstream movement. This biological knowledge on fish movements in the Lake Winnipeg basin highlights the need for fish passage solutions at different obstructions

Teaching prescribing: just what the doctor ordered? A thematic analysis of the views of newly qualified doctors

Undergraduate medical education has been criticised for failing to adequately prepare doctors for the task of prescribing. Pharmacists have been shown to improve medication use in hospitals. This study aims to elicit the views of intern doctors on the challenges of prescribing, and to suggest changes in education to enhance prescribing practice and potential role of the pharmacist. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with intern doctors in their first year post qualification in an Irish hospital. Data collection was conducted until no new themes emerged and thematic analysis was performed. Thirteen interviews took place. Interns described training in practical prescribing as limited and felt the curriculum failed to convey the reality of actual prescribing. Pharmacists were perceived to be a useful, but underutilised, information source in the prescribing process. They requested an earlier introduction, and repeated exposure, to prescribing, and suggested the involvement of peers and pharmacists in this teaching. Intern doctors reported difficulties in applying knowledge gained in medical school to clinical practice. New strategies are needed to enhance the clinical relevance of the medical curriculum by rethinking the learning outcomes regarding prescribing practice and the involvement of pharmacists in prescribing education